Charging e-bike batteries safely requires careful planning and adaptation to the conditions of the building. There is no one-size-fits-all solution for where and how to charge - each building has unique needs and requires its own risk assessment. To minimize fire risk and create a safe charging environment, several factors need to be considered:
- Placement of charging cabinets - indoors or outdoors?
- Building fire protection - what is required for ventilation, fire separation and escape routes?
- Safety measures - what solutions, such as fireproof cabinets or sprinkler systems, can be used?
Based on MSB's guidelines for safe charging of e-bike batteries, we have, in consultation with Karl "Kalle" Corneliusson, product manager for ECO Charge and former firefighter, compiled important factors to consider when installing charging cabinets.
MSB guidelines for safe charging of e-bike batteries
According to the MSB, charging of electric bicycles, electric motorcycles and other electric vehicles should take place:
- Outdoors or in well-ventilated spaces, for example in a bicycle storage room with separate exhaust air and no transfer air to other fire compartments.
- Fire separated from living quarters or escape routes.
- In clearly signposted areas where it is clear that charging is taking place.
- In places without flammable materials.
But how is this put into practice? We spoke to Kalle Corneliusson about the most important things to consider when safely charging e-bike batteries in bike rooms.
Why is outdoor placement the first choice for safe charging of e-bike batteries?
- Fire can spread incredibly quickly if it does occur, so it is important to consider the layout of the bike room and the equipment that can be stored there at the planning stage. But ideally, batteries should be stored and charged outdoors whenever possible.
What fire protection measures are required for safe charging of electric bike batteries indoors?
- If charging has to take place indoors, the building must be adapted for it. Ventilation, fire separation and the correct location of charging cabinets are the most important factors to consider. Charging cabinets should be placed against an external wall rather than in the middle of the building to reduce the risk of smoke and heat spreading in case of an accident.
How should the charging cabinets be positioned for safe charging of e-bike batteries?
- Yes, charging cabinets should never be placed directly next to escape routes, such as stairwells. In the event of a fire, it must be possible to evacuate without risking smoke or flames blocking the way.
Fire compartmentation for safe charging of e-bike batteries in bicycle rooms
- Ideally, the bicycle room should be fire separated from other parts of the building, preferably with walls and doors that meet certain fire classes. This reduces the risk of spreading and increases safety when charging e-bike batteries.
The importance of ventilation for the safe charging of e-bike batteries
- A well-ventilated space helps to dissipate heat and any gases from the charge. Lithium-ion batteries, if improperly charged or damaged, can start to emit flammable gases, and without adequate ventilation this can create a dangerous situation.
Are there additional security measures to consider?
- Yes, in larger buildings or particularly vulnerable locations, it may be appropriate to install fire detectors or automatic extinguishing systems that are activated in case of overheating or fire.
How can a fire be slowed down at an early stage?
- We recommend supplementing the charging cabinets with MAUS Stixx Pro, which contains an incipient fire. It is a fire retardant that activates at high heat and releases an extinguishing aerosol that can slow down the progress of a fire.
How can property owners and housing associations ensure that e-bike battery charging is done properly?
- Unfortunately, people don't always know how sensitive lithium-ion batteries are. Clear instructions are essential. Put up signs showing how to charge safely, what equipment can be used and what to do in case of failure or fire.
Should the emergency services be informed about the loading bay?
- Yes, it is a big advantage. By communicating the location and layout of the bike room, emergency services can respond quickly to an incident. A drawing or floor plan near the entrance gives them a quick overview in a stressful situation.
How often should charging points and bike rooms be checked?
- Regular inspections are important. Charging cabinets, cables and the space itself should be reviewed continuously to detect wear or damage in time.
How should waste or damaged batteries be handled?
- Damaged or used batteries pose a major risk and should not be recharged or stored together with working batteries. Clear procedures are needed on how they should be disposed of and where they can be left for recycling.
Can property owners put out a battery fire themselves?
- No, if a fire in a lithium-ion battery has started, no one should try to put it out on their own. They burn very intensely and require specialized equipment. The most important thing is to call 112 immediately and let the emergency services handle the situation.
In conclusion - Kalle's key advice on safely charging e-bike batteries
- Think long-term. The number of electric vehicles is growing rapidly, and so is the need for safe charging points. Plan for future capacity from the start, both in terms of space and electrical systems. Ensure that charging takes place in a location that meets fire safety requirements and that inspection and maintenance procedures are in place. Most importantly, consider the charging infrastructure as part of the security of the building - and keep up to date with current guidelines. Choose a CE-certified cabinet, preferably with active fire protection such as MAUS. That way, you'll have a robust solution that will last even as your needs grow.
